Visions of Education:
Charleston
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It was a typical Negro Schoolhouse built of logs, with one door and one window, the latter having no panes and being closed by a board shutter which swung on leather hinges outward. The house was not larger than a comfortable bedroom and had a 'fireplace' opposite the door. The children faced the fireplace, so that the scant white fell through the door upon their books. There were no desks; the seats were long board benches with no backs. The teacher insisted that the students sit in statuesque postures, not moving a limb too often. -- William Pickens, South Carolina Negroes
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"'Commerce, the law of supply and demand, the necessity of labor, are all educational; railroads, the best of civilizing institutions, are doing a great work for the South.' The Genral thought of blacks primarily in terms of what they could contribute to the economic prosperity of the country." -- Samuel Chapman Armstrong (quote), from Spivey, Schooling for the New Slavery | ![]() |

It is the policy of our people to provide an efficient system of schools throughout the state, without discrimination
as to rich or poor, white or colored, rural or urban. We provide separate schools for the colored. Our policy is
segregation without discrimination.
We are not Reconstructed till a 'Yankee School Marm' teaches in every square mile of the South and is protected and encouraged to continue her high and holy work. -- Joseph Clift
